Uyghur Latin script (Uyghur Latin Yëziqi or ULY) is an auxiliary alphabet for the Uyghur language based on the Latin script. Uyghur is primarily written in a Arabic alphabet and sometimes in a Cyrillic alphabet.
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The ULY project was finalized at Xinjiang University, Ürümchi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), People's Republic of China in July 2001, at the fifth conference of a series held there for that purpose that started in November 2000. In January 2008, the ULY project was amended and identified by Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regional Working Committee of Minorities' Language and Writing.[1]
The letters in the ULY are, in order:
| Capital Letter | A | B | CH | D | E | Ë | F | G | GH | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | NG | O | Ö | P | Q | R | S | SH | T | U | Ü | W | X | Y | Z | ZH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small Letter | a | b | ch | d | e | ë | f | g | gh | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | ng | o | ö | p | q | r | s | sh | t | u | ü | w | x | y | z | zh |
| IPA | ɑ,a | b | ʧ | d | ɛ,æ | e | f,ɸ | g | ʁ,ɣ | h,ɦ | i,ɨ | ʤ | k | l | m | n | ŋ | o,ɔ | ø | p | q | r,ɾ | s | ʃ | t | u,ʊ | y,ʏ | w,v | χ,x | j | z | ʒ |
The creators of ULY strongly emphasized that “the proposed alphabet should not replace [the Persian-Arab Uyghur alphabet] nor should its introduction represent a new reform of the writing system. It is to be used solely in computer-related fields as an ancillary writing system”.[2]
ULY had a heavy public relations presence on both the Internet and official Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region media but despite official efforts to play down the sense of a massive reform, ULY has acquired that connotation and the public seems wary of it. The importance of having one-to-one correspondence between both Latin and Arabic is noteworthy.
The different orthographies are compared in the following table.
| Order | Uyghur Ereb Yëziqi(UEY) | Uyghur Latin Yëziqi (ULY) | Uyghur Siril Yëziqi (USY) | Yengi Yeziⱪ (UYY) | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | ا/ئا | A a | А а | A a | /ɑ/ |
| 02 | ە/ئە | E e | Ә ә | Ə ə | /ɛ/~/æ/ |
| 03 | ب | B b | Б б | B b | /b/ |
| 04 | پ | P p | П п | P p | /p/ |
| 05 | ت | T t | Т т | T t | /t/ |
| 06 | ج | J j[note 1] | Җ җ | J j | /d͡ʒ/ |
| 07 | چ | Ch ch | Ч ч | Q q | /t͡ʃ/ |
| 08 | خ | X x | Х х | H h | /χ/ |
| 09 | د | D d | Д д | D d | /d/ |
| 10 | ر | R r | Р р | R r | /r/ |
| 11 | ز | Z z | З з | Z z | /z/ |
| 12 | ژ | Zh zh[note 2] | Ж ж | Ⱬ ⱬ | /ʒ/ |
| 13 | س | S s | С с | S s | /s/ |
| 14 | ش | Sh sh | Ш ш | X x | /ʃ/ |
| 15 | غ | Gh gh | Ғ ғ | Ƣ ƣ | /ʁ/ |
| 16 | ف | F f | Ф ф | F f | /f/ |
| 17 | ق | Q q | Қ қ | Ⱪ ⱪ | /q/ |
| 18 | ك | K k | К к | K k | /k/ |
| 19 | گ | G g | Г г | G g | /ɡ/ |
| 20 | ڭ | Ng ng | Ң ң | Ng ng | /ŋ/ |
| 21 | ل | L l | Л л | L l | /l/ |
| 22 | م | M m | М м | M m | /m/ |
| 23 | ن | N n | Н н | N n | /n/ |
| 24 | ھ | H h | Һ һ | Ⱨ ⱨ | /h/ |
| 25 | و/ئو | O o | О о | O o | /o/ |
| 26 | ۇ/ئۇ | U u | У у | U u | /u/ |
| 27 | ۆ/ئۆ | Ö ö | Ө ө | Ɵ ɵ | /ø/ |
| 28 | ۈ/ئۈ | Ü ü | Ү ү | Ü ü | /y/ |
| 29 | ۋ | W w | Вв | W w/V v | /w/~/v/ |
| 30 | ې/ئې | Ë ë[note 3] | Е е | E e | /e/ |
| 31 | ى/ئى | I i | И и | I i | /i/~/ɪ/ |
| 32 | ي | Y y | Й й | Y y | /j/ |
Below follows an example of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1) in Uyghur:
| Kona Yeziⱪ |
ھەممە ئادەم تۇغۇلۇشىدىنلا ئەركىن، ئىززەت-ھۆرمەت ۋە ھوقۇقتا بابباراۋەر بولۇپ تۇغۇلغان. ئۇلار ئەقىلغە ۋە ۋىجدانغا ئىگە ھەمدە بىر-بىرىگە قېرىنداشلىق مۇناسىۋىتىگە خاس روھ بىلەن مۇئامىلە قىلىشى كېرەك.
|
|---|---|
| Yengi Yeziⱪ | Ⱨəmmə adəm tughulushidinla ərkin, izzət-ⱨɵrmət wə hoⱪuⱪta babbarawər bolup tuƣulƣan. Ular əⱪilƣə wə wijdanƣa igə ⱨəmdə bir-birigə ⱪerindaxliⱪ munasiwitigə hax roh bilən mu’amilə ⱪilixi kerək. |
| Cyrillic Uyghur | Һәммә адәм туғулушидинла әркин, иззәт-һөрмәт вә һоқуқта баббаравәр болуп туғулған. Улар әқилғә вә виджданға игә һәмдә бир-биригә қериндашлиқ мунасивитигә хаш рох билән му’амилә қилиши керәк. |
| ULY | Hemme adem tughulushidinla erkin, izzet-hörmet we hoquqta babbarawer bolup tughulghan. Ular eqilghe we wijdan'gha ige hemde bir-birige qérindashliq munasiwitige xas roh bilen muamile qilishi kérek. |
| Turkish Uyghur | Hemme adem tuğuluşidinla erkin, izzet-hörmet we xoquqta babbarawer bolup tuğulğan. Ular eqilğe we wicdanğa ige hemde bir-birige qérindaşliq munasiwitige xaş rox bilen mu’amile qilişi kérek. |
| English | All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. |